Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world’s second-largest country by total area, with the world’s longest coastline.

Its border with the United States is the world’s longest international land border. The country is characterised by a wide range of both meteorologic and geological regions. It is a sparsely inhabited country, the vast majority residing south of the 55th parallel in urban areas. Canada’s capital is Ottawa and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver.